In this presentation, Dr. Friedman provides an overview of the history of the systems of care movement, describes the evolution of its principles and functions, and places SOC within the context of the national transformation of mental health service delivery for children.
View Handouts [11mb pdf]
A system of care is a comprehensive spectrum of mental health and other necessary services which are organized into a coordinated network to meet the multiple and changing needs of children and adolescents with severe emotional disturbances and their families (Stroul & Friedman, 1994). The major approach in reform of the children's mental health services system since the mid 1980s has been through the development and implementation of community-based systems of care based on a set of principles and values, and the best available research.
Since 1984, the Center has sought to describe and define key ingredients of effective systems of care. The following topics address current status of the systems of care movement, and overviews the evolution of measurement.
The Center's theory suggests that a statement of values and principles is a foundation piece for effective systems of care. [see details]
Use of the SOC approach is recommended in significant federal policy papers on children's mental health. [see details]
The largest federal program to date targeting children’s mental health services. [see details]
The Center has developed strategies for evaluating systems of care, including the System of Care Practice Review (revised: SOCPR-R) [see details]
In February 2018, DCF contracted with the University of South Florida to conduct an independent evaluation of specialized treatment programs.
This report presents results of an evaluation of Family Support Services (FSS) provided by six Community-Based Care (CBC) lead agencies in Florida.
This study evaluates access to health care, the coordination of physical and behavioral health services, and quality of care for individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) who are enrolled in Florida’s Managed Medical Assistance (MMA) program. A primary objective was to compare operations and impacts of the SMI Specialty plan operated by Magellan Complete Care with Standard MMA plans that serve enrollees with SMI.
This practice brief is the first of a series aimed at documenting the advancement of Michigan communities toward the promise of integration.
This pilot study tested the use of telehealth technology in providing access to culturally and linguistically appropriate mental health services.
This paper explores the concept of "systemic" in the context of systems of care. Systems theory is used to understand strategies of purposeful systems change undertaken by stakeholders in established system of care communities. The paper presents a conceptual model of systems change for systems of care that is grounded in data from a national study of system of care implementation (Research and Training Center for Children's Mental Health, 2004).
The System of Care Practice Review (SOCPR) was implemented in FY2010 as the Arizona Department of Health Services/Division of Behavioral Health Services’ practice review method of choice in Arizona.
During the last decade, the Medicaid program has become an increasingly important element of the mental health treatment system in Florida.
This issue brief prepared for the Outcomes Roundtable for Children and Families addresses important issues associated with the emergence of practice-based evidence.
Published in the Journal: Administration & Policy in Mental Health & Mental Health Services Research (Online First)
These reports reveal how Connect Familias uses a wraparound model to improve the well being of children and families by reducing violence and delivering non-duplicative, culturally appropriate and seamless wraparound services.
These documents report on Phases I, II and III of SIP and report how the Children's Board of Hillsborough County can maximize investment in locally developed programsm and promote, implement, and sustain best practice for positive child and family outcomes.
This toolkit was produced as part of Developing Sustainable Infrastructure in Support of Quality Field-Based Practice (SIP) project, a collaborative effort of The Children’s Board of Hillsborough County Children’s Future Hillsborough, Family and School Support Teams (FASST), and the USF Department of Child and Family Studies. The toolkit has been designed to support implementation of the FASST
program as intended based on the current program theory.
This series of reports, based on findings from Case Studies of System Implementation, will provide readers with a summary of lessons learned from established system of care communities.
Families with a parent, child, or youth who is lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, two-spirit (LGBTQI2-S) or transitioning navigate varying levels of acceptance and support when accessing and utilizing needed services within the mental health system. A new monograph offers a public health approach for communities to meet the needs of these families.
This training manual is designed for use by individuals preparing to serve as reviewers in conducting a System of Care Practice Review (SOCPR). It serves as an introduction to the SOCPR by providing a general, conceptual, and philosophical understanding of the origin and purpose of the review. This manual also identifies and describes the various activities involved in implementing the SOCPR and guides reviewers through each step of the process toward a successful review.
Features presentation summaries from symposia, paper presentations and poster presentations, organized around the central themes of the annual research conference.
This study investigates how family voice, as represented through family-run organizations, contributes to the context of the overall mental health system, and the implementation of an effective system of care.
This literature review attempts to provide a synthesis of the emerging literature pertaining to parent-to-parent support. The purpose of this review is twofold: (1) to uncover any evidence of the effectiveness of parent-to-parent support; and (2) to examine the concepts, constructs, and key elements of parent-to-parent that should be considered when designing a program (i.e., case management, training, and contact methods).
This monograph shares results of interviews conducted with personnel from selected organizations and focuses on key practices that were reported to increase accessibility of mental health services for underserved populations.
This report shares findings about mental health issues and service effectiveness as expressed by parents of Medicaid-eligible children from white, Hispanic, and African American families.
Features presentation summaries from symposia, paper presentations and poster presentations, organized around the central themes and full agenda of the annual research conference.
This evaluation examines the status of Community-Based Care (CBC) in Florida, with a special focus on child and family outcomes, quality, and cost.
The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research (JBHS&R) is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal that publishes articles on the organization, financing, delivery, and outcomes of behavioral health services, including mental health, alcohol, and substance abuse.
Effective Financing Strategies for Systems of Care is a Research and Training Center study that is examining financing strategies used by states, communities, and tribes to support the infrastructure, services, and support s that comprise systems of care. This issue brief presents the results of the first wave of study site visits regarding financing strategies to support a broad range of services and supports.
This article offers an overview of how a Response to Intervention approach to education is consistent with Positive Behavior Support principles and practices.
This report acquaints readers with the concept of family-driven care for children who have emotional and behavioral disturbances. From this context, the authors provide information about evidence-based practices that are effective interventions to help the children and their families. This information will help families, educators, and mental health service providers plan effective interventions for the children in their care.
The Florida Department of Children and Families contracted with CFS to evaluate the state's IV-E Waiver Demonstration program which allows Florida's 20 Community-Based Care lead agencies to spend federal dollars previously earmarked for out-of-home care on an array of prevention and diversion services.
The Quick Guide is for use by family-run organizations.
This monograph provides a new understanding of field-based, systemic and measurable organizational factors that lead to cultural competence in organizations and systems.
This review identifies and describes organizational factors associated with increased access for ethnically/racial diverse children and their families to quality mental health services and supports.
This guide introduces and describes a model and associated training curriculum designed to support communities in their efforts to strengthen partnerships that better link Latino children and families with school personnel and service providers.
This paper describes the use of a theory of change approach to community-based cross-agency service planning in Contra Costa County, California for a population of youth who had been arrested and involved with juvenile probation.
Research suggests that systems of care with strong family voice have certain characteristics. The Family Voice Assumptions, Indicators and Descriptions (FV-AID) Chart identifies these characteristics which are listed in the first column as Assumptions.
This article describes adaptation of the framework from Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System Framework to systems of care.
In 2006 the State of New Jersey contracted with the Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida for an independent assessment of its evolving children’s behavioral health system. This report contains the findings and recommendations of the assessment.
Describes phase II findings of the Community-based Theories of Change Study.
This article discusses how policy implementation affects collaboration at the state and community levels. Collaboration, in turn, contributes to effective systems of care.
Discussion centers around the formation of the National Strategic Plan on Workforce Development in Behavioral Health. Includes a discussion of the Annapolis Coalition and its efforts related to workforce recruitment and retention. Ten strategic workforce goals are presented.
Using the King County Blended Funding Project as an example of a family-driven system that establishes collaborative partnerships with professionals and parents. The county was found to have a widely held theory of change, concept mapping was used to arrive at this finding.
Discusses results to date of the Community-based Theories of Change study. Four characteristics from this cross-site cross-phase study are also discussed: identity, integration, initiative, and innovation. The study examines organizational structures and processes that human service organizations believe allow them to carry out their mission and goals and to sustain this effort over time.
The "Yellow Book" provides a discussion of barriers to school-based services with the intention of improving service effectiveness and capacity.
This paper reports on the methods and outcomes of a two-phase study designed to determine the relationship between the mechanisms that have been used to establish systems of care and their resulting levels of collaboration.
This study was the first to thoroughly investigate cross-agency financing structures and strategies, and provides important information about finance policies that can assist communities across the country.
This article discusses the background and design of the Community-based Theories of Change Study.
In this chapter the authors discuss the current impact and relevancy of the system of care model for the children’s mental health services system.
In this article, Robert Friedman draws on over 25 years experience to address how, as a field, psychology can more effectively prepare graduate students and conduct its own research to strengthen the contribution to policy.
This report describes the compatibility of the SOC vision, values and principles, and general practices with those expressed by the President’s New Freedom Commission.
This article provides a national perspective of children and youth with emotional disturbances (ED) served in special education using data from the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study (SEELS) and the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2).
To guide its research, and to assist states and communities, the Center has developed a model of factors that it believes contribute to implementation of effective systems of care. This handout identifies and summarizes these factors.
This monograph describes the System of Care Practice Review (SOCPR), a procedure that explores direct service fidelity to system of care values.
This paper describes an exploratory study on the relationship between systems of care with an individualized care component, which brings family, youth (where appropriate), members of the natural support system, and members of the formal service system together to develop plans that reflect a comprehensive focus on strengths and needs of families in multiple life domains.
Discusses recommendations of the President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. Addresses critical infrastructure, practice, and research. Focuses on the work of the commission's Subcommittee on Children and describes a vision for mental health service delivery for children with emotional and behavioral disorders and their families.
This paper describes the psychosocial characteristics of youth served in special education due to emotional disturbances in urban communities (N = 158).
This chapter reviews the child mental health policy of the United States and identifies key policy issues at a time when greater attention is being paid to the area of children's mental health.
The Family Experience of the Mental Health System was designed to meet a need for information from family perspectives about service access and delivery, as well as about specific aspects of services that are most and least helpful. Based on the experiences of the families in the study, as well as evidence-based and promising practices, these checklists can help guide the development of systems of care as they address child and family issues of: medication; decisions and responsibilities of care; pathways and access to care; and, helpfulness of formal organizations and informal supports.
This paper describes results and implications from a study designed to explore innovative service system practices in nine sites.
The Findings Compendium provides a brief summary of the Research and Training Center for Children’s Mental Health Study of the Family Experience of the Mental Health System (FEMHS).
This article presents a historical perspective on the formalized child mental health policy in the United States.
In this special issue, the editor briefly reviews the history and evolution of the System of Care framework. A discussion of how policy makers, human service agencies and families have struggled to incorporate the values and principles of systems of care into daily operations and guiding policies follows.
This article presents a developmental framework for collaboration in child-serving agencies that is based on the experience of families, service providers, administrators, and community members who have been involved in local collaborative processes in their own communities. The results of this project indicate that while well-developed collaboration is a necessary component of collaboration, it is not sufficient in and of itself.
This article describes the concept of systems of care for children with serious emotional disturbance and their families.
This overview contains a summary of the application of public health principles and concepts, which have the potential to improve outcomes for children served in our schools.
This monograph is designed to provide a guide for communities engaged in developing systems of care. It provides a straightforward method that system stakeholders can use to turn their ideas into tangible action-oriented strategies for achieving their goals for system development.
This chapter summarizes the various initiatives and research findings that are driving the shift in the children’s mental health services system from the almost exclusive reliance on office-based or residential treatment to a community-based continuum of service options.
This commentary appeared in a special issue describing the national evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program.
This article describes findings from a qualitative study evaluating the impact of managed care reforms on a select sample of systems of care funded by the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program. This study’s analyses reveal conditions and factors necessary to maintain a system-of-care-philosophy and approach in a managed care environment.
Between 1997 and 2001, 13 states had commissions that reviewed their state mental health system. This manuscript reviews the findings and recommendations from the reports of these commissions with regard to child and adolescent mental health.
This article provides the rationale, development, implementation and evaluation of a school-based program for students with emotional disturbances and who are served in a special education setting.
Although case management has become a common intervention for children served through multiple systems, it can be quite variable in implementation. This chapter addresses the necessity to define case management in terms of common components and diverse models prior to exploring the evidence base for practice. This chapter also examines significant studies to date regarding the effectiveness of case management approaches.
This article presents a framework to be used in studying public policy development and implementation in children’s mental health.
Community-Based Theories of Change is a national study funded by the federal Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS-SAMHSA) and National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research that is designed to address how human service organizations carry out their mission and goals, how they transfer their policy agendas across stakeholders, and how they sustain their service strategies over time. This report summarizes the cross-site findings of Community-Based Theories of Change and presents lessons learned across the three participating sites in 2002.
This report identifies and summarizes state views regarding efforts to address the mental health needs of children and adolescents, and their families.
This lead article to the special issue of the Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders provides an overview of the methodology and status of the national evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program, conducted by ORC Macro, Inc., in collaboration with the University of South Florida and other partners.
This chapter reviews the changes that have been made in the children’s mental health field in the last two decades, and examines some of the challenges that the field now faces. It discusses such issues as systems of care, individualized care, financing of services, accountability, and evidence-based practice.
This chapter considers the problem of assessing and improving the quality of intensive case management services for children and adolescents with serious emotional disturbance. It identifies the systemic factors contributing to quality services, details the intervention, and describes three methods that the effectiveness of the intervention were assessed.
This article describes the empirical support of the System of Care Practice Review (SOCPR), a methodology developed to measure the alignment between the principles of a system of care and mental health practices in a community setting. To test this approach, two communities with well-developed systems of care were compared on the SOCPR with two communities with less developed systems of care. Results indicate that the SOCPR was successful in differentiating between those communities that were able to implement systems of care principles into mental health practices from those who did not.
This article presents the Ecology of Outcomes framework, which provides a foundation for the utilization of information so that outcome information can provide opportunities for learning and self-correction.
This article presents baseline results of the Health Care Reform Tracking Project, a national study designed to describe and analyze state health care reforms and their impact on children and adolescents with emotional disorders and their families.
This article describes the results of a seven-year longitudinal study designed to gather information on the demographics and family characteristics, level of psychological and adaptive functioning, services received, and outcomes of children with serious emotional disturbances.
This chapter presents the findings of a group of technical experts who met to consider estimation methodologies for establishing prevalence of children with serious emotional disturbance.
This monograph explores the development of comprehensive systems of care for children and adolescents with serious emotional disturbances and their families.
This presentation establishes the value of assessing service fidelity to SOC values and reviews use of the SOCPR-R method & instrument to evaluate local systems of care. The SOCPR-R method clusters SOC principles into primary domains of child-centered, family focused; community-based; culturally competent; and impact--these domains and their subdomains are examined within a system through a multiple case study method including document reviews and key informant interviews. With family case as the unit of analysis, information is synthesized to identify patterns and trends within the SOC and generate recommendations.
View Handouts [3.6mb pdf]
This presentation handout summarizes key issues for systems improvement in Florida. Topics addressed include determining seriousness of a problem, the relationship between mental health disorders and substance abuse; comparison of current and needed actions in the system, and general and specific recommendations for actions.
View Handouts [300kb pdf]
This presentation by Robert Friedman overviews key factors in implementing effective service systems that provide access to high-quality, value-based care. Use of data-driven decision making strategies for performance measurement and quality assurance are addressed within the context of the Research and Training Center's model of factors that are associated with effective system of care implementation.
View Handouts [12.1mb pdf]
Robert Friedman addresses the APA Annual Convention about the activities of the Department of Child & Family Studies and their relationship to the national call for transformation of mental health services systems. Includes program profiles.
View Handouts [496kb pdf]
This presentation at the 2004 Training Institutes in San Francisco, Robert Friedman addresses the role of theories of change and performance measurement in systems of care.
View Web Version
View Handouts [347kb pdf]
At the Winter 2005 Systems of Care Communities Meeting in Dallas, February, 2005, Robert Friedman described a model of fourteen key factors that contribute to implementation of effectives systems of care.
View Web Version
View Handouts [358kb pdf]
This presentation by Robert Friedman to the National Conference of State Legislatures in Salt Lake City, July, 2004, addressed current and future policy approaches for improving services for children with serious emotional/behavioral disorders.
View Web Version
View Handouts [3.14mb pdf]
In his October 2004 address in Waterloo, Ontario, Dr. Friedman describes the key characteristics and current status of systems of care implementation.
View Web Version
View Handouts [3.25mb pdf]
Mario Hernandez addresses the under-representation of the Latino population in research on evidence-based practices, and identifies steps that should be taken to ensure that promising programs can be successfully adapted to systems of care with a culturally diverse population. Presented for Improving Systems of Care for Latino Youth and Families: Effective and Evidence-Based Strategies for Engagement and Treatment, July 21-23, 2004, Miami, Florida.
View Web Version
View Handouts [406kb pdf]
In July 2002, Robert Friedman was invited to address the President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health regarding the status children’s mental health in the US. This presentation outlines the scope and seriousness of emotional and social problems in the nation’s children, as well as recent examples of federal recognition of the need for policy change to address children's mantal health issues. Dr. Friedman also explored the current status of the child-serving system; recommending future directions for its improvement.
View Web Version
View Handouts [166kb pdf]
CFS Chair
Robert Friedman provided a keynote address March
14th, 2003 at the 6th Annual All-Ohio Institute
on Community Psychiatry conference. The focus of this
year's Institute was the implementation of evidence-based
practices in community mental health services. Friedman's
presentation focused on the improvement of access
to care for children in need, quality and effectiveness
of care, and the mental health status and well-being
of all children.
View Web Version
View Handouts [8.7mb pdf]
This invited presentation by Dr. Robert Friedman elaborates on the current realities of the children’s mental health service system and its relationship to policy formation and implementation. This presentation specifically discusses the scope of the problem, and explores resolutions that are currently at the forefront of the field, including systems of care, evidence-based practice, and new research and evaluation paradigms.
View Web Version
This presentation summarizes common
themes and issues in state-level child mental health service
system policy as identified by an analysis of Mental Health
Commission reports for several states.
View Web Version
View Handouts [130kb pdf]
At the 2002 Training Institutes
sponsored by the National Technical Assistance Center
for Children’s Mental Health, Georgetown University,
Dr. Friedman and colleagues Don Dixon, Steve Gilbertson,
Margaret Jefferson, Bruce Kamradt, Mary Jo Meyers defined
and examined the key principals and values of systems
of care as they relate to real-life implementation in
several sites across the nation.
View Handouts [1.3mb pdf]
This presentation explores two
central themes: the definition and evolution of systems
of care; and criteria and methods useful to support the
notion of evidence based practice. Dr. Friedman also discusses
the challenges of incorporating evidence-based practice
within community-based system of care and effectively
evaluating outcomes for the system and for children and
their families.
View Web Version
View Handouts [131kb pdf]
In this presentation, Dr. Robert
Friedman provides an in-depth look at the evolution of
the system of care concept and its implementation. This
presentation focuses on conditions that led to the creation
and development of systems of care, and reviews key principles
and values in the context of what makes a system of care
successful.
View Web Version
View Handouts [42kb pdf]
At the request of the Surgeon
General, Dr. David Satcher over 300 mental health professionals,
researchers, advocates, parents and youth gathered in
Washington, D.C in September of 1999. The purpose of this
gathering was to develop an action plan to improve the
mental health of children in the United States. Robert
Friedman, Ph.D. presented on the evolution of child mental
health policy and system of care implementation in the
US, its relationship to policy at all levels, and how
the move toward adopting evidence based practice will
interact with system efforts.
View Web Version
View Handouts [108kb pdf]
Study 1: National survey of systems of care implementation